nandeshwar.info » Useful Procedures

Student’s t-test for equal means

admin — Wed, 29 Oct 2008 13:06:00 +0000

If you do not wish to enter complex formula in Excel and you already have calculated average, count, and variance for your samples(Tip:use a PivotTable), then you can use these user-defined functions to calculate the t-test stat value and degrees of freedom required to do hypothesis testing. Both the functions provide an optional argument for the assumption of equal variances; by default it is set to false.

Here’s the code for t-test:

'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Procedure : TTESTM
' DateTime  : 10/29/2008 08:35
' Author    :
' Purpose   : To get the t-stat value when comparing two means with an optional input
'               for equal or unequal variances
'               by default the function assumes that the user is comparing means with unequal variances
' davg1 is the mean of first sample
' dcnt1 is the sample size of sample 1 
' dvar1 is the variance of first samaple 
' davg2 is the mean of second sample
' dcnt2 is the sample size of sample 2 
' dvar2 is the variance of second samaple 
' blnEqVar set TRUE to assume equal variance for the test
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Public Function TTESTM(davg1 As Double, dcnt1 As Double, dvar1 As Double, davg2 As Double, dcnt2 As Double, dvar2 As Double, Optional blnEqVar As Boolean = False) As Double
 
On Error GoTo TTESTM_Error
Dim dResult As Double, dNumer As Double, dDenon As Double, dPooledVar As Double
 
dNumer = davg1 - davg2
 
'if equal variances are not assumed
'http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda353.htm
If Not blnEqVar Then
	dDenon = Sqr((dvar1 ^ 2 / dcnt1) + (dvar2 ^ 2 / dcnt2))
Else
'if equal variances are assumed, then calculated the pooled variance
	dPooledVar = Sqr((((dcnt1 - 1) * dvar1 ^ 2) + ((dcnt2 - 1) * dvar2 ^ 2)) / (dcnt1 + dcnt2 - 2))
	dDenon = dPooledVar * Sqr((1 / dcnt1) + (1 / dcnt2))
End If
 
dResult = dNumer / dDenon
 
TTESTM = dResult
Exit Function
 
TTESTM_Error:
	TTESTM = Null
 
End Function

Code for degrees of freedom

'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
' Procedure : DOFTTESTM
' DateTime  : 10/29/2008 08:50
' Author    :
' Purpose   : To get the degrees of freedom for the t-test when comparing two means with an optional input
'               for equal or unequal variances
'               by default the function assumes that the user is comparing means with unequal variances

' dcnt1 is the sample size of sample 1 
' dvar1 is the variance of first samaple 
' dcnt2 is the sample size of sample 2 
' dvar2 is the variance of second samaple 
' blnEqVar set TRUE to assume equal variance for the test
'---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
'
Public Function DOFTTESTM(dcnt1 As Double, dvar1 As Double, dcnt2 As Double, dvar2 As Double, Optional blnEqVar As Boolean = False) As Double
 
Dim dResult As Double, dNumer As Double, dDenon As Double
 
On Error GoTo DOFTTESTM_Error
'if equal variances are not assumed, then use a complicated formula to compute degrees of freedom
'http://www.itl.nist.gov/div898/handbook/eda/section3/eda353.htm
If Not blnEqVar Then
	dNumer = ((dvar1 ^ 2 / dcnt1) + (dvar2 ^ 2 / dcnt2)) ^ 2
	dDenon = ((dvar1 ^ 2 / dcnt1) ^ 2 / (dcnt1 - 1)) + ((dvar2 ^ 2 / dcnt2) ^ 2 / (dcnt2 - 1))
	dResult = dNumer / dDenon
Else
	dResult = dcnt1 + dcnt2 - 2
End If
 
DOFTTESTM = dResult
 
Exit Function
 
DOFTTESTM_Error:
	DOFTTESTM = Null
 
End Function

Convert Text to Uppercase

admin — Mon, 17 Sep 2007 13:21:00 +0000

If you want to convert the text to uppercase, use the following code; however, I recommend downloading ASAP Utilities, it has many functionalities, including text conversion. It doesn’t offer source code though.

Here’s my code for uppercase conversion:
(If you want to convert your text to lowercase, replace Ucase with Lcase function in the code)

‘Will convert selected range to Upper case, using array
Sub Conv2UCase()
On Error GoTo Conv2UCase_Error

Dim vDataArr As Variant
Dim lUpperBndRow As Long, lUpperBndCol As Long
Dim lRow As Long, lCol As Long

‘store selected values in an array
vDataArr = Selection
‘get the upper bound of rows
lUpperBndRow = UBound(vDataArr, 1)
‘get the upper bound of cols
lUpperBndCol = UBound(vDataArr, 2)

‘Start a loop to go through all the elements of the array
For lRow = 1 To lUpperBndRow
    For lCol = 1 To lUpperBndCol
        ‘Check if the value is text, if not don’t convert
        If WorksheetFunction.IsText(vDataArr(lRow, lCol)) Then
            ‘Convert values to upper case
            vDataArr(lRow, lCol) = UCase(vDataArr(lRow, lCol))
        End If
    Next lCol
Next lRow
‘Return the converted values to the range
Selection = vDataArr
Exit Sub

Conv2UCase_Error:
MsgBox “Error ” & Err.Number & ” (” & Err.Description & “) in Sub:Conv2UCase”
End Sub

A function to reverse a string

admin — Thu, 16 Aug 2007 14:19:00 +0000

Very simple, uses the VBA function StrReverse to reverse the input string.

‘A function to reverse a string provided as input
‘For example, the string “abcd” will become “dcba”
‘Uses the VBA function StrReverse
Public Function ReverseString(sInputString As String) As String
On Error GoTo ReverseString_Error

ReverseString = StrReverse(sInputString)
Exit Function

ReverseString_Error:
ReverseString = “#ERROR#”
End Function

Concatenate function

admin — Tue, 24 Jul 2007 16:24:00 +0000

Oh, man, I can’t tell how useful that concatenate function is.

One repetitive use I found is to create OR/AND conditions for Access queries. I copy-paste the field values of a column from Access, do some filtering and my conditions are ready. Then I use this concatfunc to create a string to use in my Access query.

For example, look at this print screen:

The Range A1:A4 houses the string condition I want to use in my Access query to restrict the fruits from my data. In cell B1 I have the formula

=PERSONAL.XLS!concatfunc(A1:A4,CHAR(34) & ” or ” & CHAR(34))

, and the return string from this function is listed in cell B1.

Now, all you have to do is copy and paste this in Access criteria and put a quotation mark at the start and at the end of this string.

I have found one more use of this when I want to store some values in an Array, using the Array function in VBA.

One more print screen:

In this example, I insert a comma (CHAR(44) instead of string OR, and this function returns a string that I can use in VBA to store these values in an array using Array function, after adding a quotation mark, of course, at the start and at the end.

Access VBA: Convert Access tables to arff format

admin — Wed, 18 Jul 2007 20:37:00 +0000

Weka, an open source data mining software, uses arff input data format. You can use this code to convert any Access table to arff format. Download the Access database with code: Convert2Arff.mdb

This can very well be designed using forms, but this should get one started. Use Alt + F11 to see the code, then execute procedure ConvertTbl2Arff to convert a table.

Some highlights of this procedure
- Takes care of spaces in Attribute name and data values
- Finds unique values of nominal variables
- Assigns equivalent ARFF datatype
- Replaces missing values with question marks

Access VBA: Export Access tables using ODBC

admin — Wed, 18 Jul 2007 20:28:00 +0000

If you want to export Access tables using ODBC/DSN connections, use the following code. This procedure uses the File DSN and ODBC connection to export Access tables using DAO object TableDef.

Sub ExportTbls()

Dim sTblNm As String
Dim sTypExprt As String
Dim sCnxnStr As String, vStTime As Variant
Dim db As Database, tbldef As DAO.TableDef

On Error GoTo ExportTbls_Error

sTypExprt = “ODBC Database” ‘Export Type
sCnxnStr = “ODBC;DSN=DSNName;UID=userID;PWD=password” ‘Create the connection string

vStTime = Timer
Application.Echo False, “Visual Basic code is executing.”

Set db = CurrentDb()

‘need a reference to Microsoft DAO 3.x library
For Each tbldef In db.TableDefs
‘Don’t export System and temporary tables
If Left(tbldef.Name, 4) “MSys” And Left(tbldef.Name, 4) “~TMP” Then
‘Debug.Print tbldef.Name
sTblNm = tbldef.Name
DoCmd.TransferDatabase acExport, sTypExprt, sCnxnStr, acTable, sTblNm, sTblNm
End If
Next tbldef

MsgBox “Done! Time taken=” & Timer – vStTime

On Error GoTo 0
SmoothExit_ExportTbls:
Set db = Nothing
Application.Echo True
Exit Sub

ExportTbls_Error:
MsgBox “Error ” & Err.Number & ” (” & Err.Description & “) in procedure ExportTblsODST”
Resume SmoothExit_ExportTbls
End Sub

Access VBA: Delete tables from Access database

admin — Wed, 18 Jul 2007 20:21:00 +0000

If you want to delete all or some of the tables from your Access database, you can use this DAO approach. You would need a reference to Microsoft DAO 3.x object library. As shown in the example, you can use an array to store the table names, which you want to keep or delete.

Sub DelteTbls()
Dim sTblNm As String
Dim db As Database, tbldef As DAO.TableDef
Dim i As Integer, Arr As Variant

On Error GoTo DelteTbls_Error
‘You can use an array if you want to delete or not delete specific tables
‘Arr = Array(“Table1″,”Table2″,”Table3″)

Set db = CurrentDb() ‘Set the database object

‘Set the warnings off to suppress messages
DoCmd.SetWarnings False

‘For i = 0 To UBound(Arr)
    For Each tbldef In db.TableDefs
        ‘here you can use equal to or not equal to delete or keep specific tables
        ‘If Left(tbldef.Name, 4) = Arr(i) Then
        ‘Don’t delete System or temporary tables
        If Left(tbldef.Name, 4) “MSys” And Left(tbldef.Name, 1) “~” Then
              Debug.Print tbldef.Name
              sTblNm = tbldef.Name
              ‘Delete table
              DoCmd.DeleteObject acTable, sTblNm
        End If
    Next tbldef
‘Next i

MsgBox “Done!”

On Error GoTo 0

SmoothExit_DelteTbls:
    Set db = Nothing
    DoCmd.SetWarnings True
    Exit Sub

DelteTbls_Error:
MsgBox “Error ” & Err.Number & ” (” & Err.Description & “) in procedure DelteTbls”
Resume SmoothExit_DelteTbls
End Sub

Access VBA: Link all Dbase files from a folder

admin — Wed, 18 Jul 2007 20:19:00 +0000

If you would like to link all Dbase files, any linkable file for that matter, in MS Access, use the following code. I read somewhere that refreshing the links is slower than deleting and creating new links.

Sub LinkAllTblsinDir()
Dim sTblNm As String, sPath As String, sFileNm As String
sPath = “C:\DW\”
‘Turn of the Echo to avoid window repaint/refresh
Application.Echo False

sFileNm = Dir(sPath, vbNormal)
Do While sFileNm “”
If Right(sFileNm, 3) = “dbf” Then
sTblNm = Left(sFileNm, Len(sFileNm) – 4) ‘Extract the file name
‘Use the TransferDatabase option to link the tables from the specified directory
‘to your current Access DB
DoCmd.TransferDatabase acLink, “dBase III”, sPath, acTable, sTblNm, sTblNm
End If
sFileNm = Dir
Loop

Application.Echo True
End Sub

Get file names from a directory

admin — Wed, 18 Jul 2007 20:08:00 +0000

If you want get or print file names from a certain directory, then you can use following code.

Sub GetFileNames()
Dim sPath As String, sFileNm As String

sPath = “C:\DW\”
‘You can also use Application.GetOpenFilename to get a file name from a folder,
‘and then extract the Directory name from that string
‘You can also use filters with GetOpenFilenam such as *.txt, see Help on this topic

sFileNm = Dir(sPath, vbNormal) ‘Get the first file from the specified directory
‘Start a loop
Do While sFileNm “”
‘If the file has a dbf extension then print the file name
If Right(sFileNm, 3) = “dbf” Then
Debug.Print sFileNm
End If
sFileNm = Dir
Loop
End Sub

Range Concatenation with a character

admin — Fri, 29 Jun 2007 14:03:00 +0000

Are you frustrated that you have to concatenate a range, and you have to do that using CONCATENATE formula by entering each cell and typing a comma after every cell? Well, here’s a solution to it. A procedure or a function whatever you like. If you use the procedure, it allows you to choose the input range, concatenate character, and the output range. If you use the function, then you can enter the optional concatenate character (by default it is a comma (,)), and the input range.

Here are both:

Procedure:

Public Sub ConCatwChar()
Dim sChar2bAdded As String, rngRng2bCated As Range, sOutput As String, rngTarget As Range, c As Range
On Error GoTo ConCatwChar_Error
‘You could use this line to return the concatenated string in this cell
‘Set rngTarget = ActiveCell

Set rngRng2bCated = Application.InputBox(prompt:=”Select the range you’d like to concatenate with a charcter”, _
Title:=”Select Range”, Type:=8)

If rngRng2bCated Is Nothing Then Exit Sub

‘You could use this line to set the default to a comma and remove the inputbox line
‘sChar2bAdded = “,”
sChar2bAdded = InputBox(“Enter the character you’d like to add between other cells”, “Enter Character”, “,”)

Set rngTarget = Application.InputBox(prompt:=”Select the range you’d like the output”, _
Title:=”Select Range”, Type:=8)

For Each c In rngRng2bCated
sOutput = sOutput & c.Value & sChar2bAdded
Next c

sOutput = Left(sOutput, Len(sOutput) – Len(sChar2bAdded))
rngTarget = sOutput

On Error GoTo 0
Exit Sub

ConCatwChar_Error:
MsgBox “Error ” & Err.Number & ” (” & Err.Description & “) in procedure ConCatwChar”
End Sub

Here’s the function:

‘You can change the option string character to nothing “” so that you get concatenated string without a character in between
Public Function ConCatFunc(rngRng2bCated As Range, Optional sChar2bAdded As String = “,”) As String
Dim sOutput As String, c As Range

On Error GoTo ConCatFunc_Error

For Each c In rngRng2bCated
sOutput = sOutput & c.Value & sChar2bAdded
Next c
sOutput = Left(sOutput, Len(sOutput) – Len(sChar2bAdded))
ConCatFunc = sOutput

On Error GoTo 0
Exit Function

ConCatFunc_Error:
ConCatFunc = “#Error#”

End Function